Review Questions
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Which of the following subatomic particles carries a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Isotope -
Fill in the blank: The number of __________ in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic number.
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Explain the difference between an element and a compound.
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Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction -
Sodium (Na) has one electron in its outer shell, and chlorine (Cl) has seven. What type of bond is likely to form between them?
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A weak bond that forms between the slightly positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of another water molecule is called a __________.
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Match the property of water (Column A) with its description (Column B):
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Column A
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Cohesion
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Adhesion
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High specific heat
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Solvent property
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Ice less dense than liquid water
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Column B
A. Water molecules stick to other surfaces
B. Water can dissolve many polar and ionic substances
C. Water molecules stick to each other due to hydrogen bonding
D. Allows water to absorb and release heat with little temperature change
E. Enables ice to float, insulating aquatic life in winter
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Why is water often called the “universal solvent”?
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The pH scale measures the concentration of __________ ions in a solution.
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Which of the following solutions is most acidic?
A) pH 2
B) pH 6
C) pH 7
D) pH 10 -
True or False: A base increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
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Describe what a buffer does in a biological system and why it is important.
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Fill in the blank: When an acid and a base react, they often form __________ and __________.
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Water has many life-supporting properties. Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to at least two of them.
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A scientist tests the pH of a solution and finds it to be pH 8.
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Is this solution acidic, neutral, or basic?
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What does this mean about its relative concentration of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions?
