Review Questions

Which of the following is found in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
D) Chloroplasts

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells lack a __________-bound nucleus.

Give two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A) Cell wall
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
D) Plasma membrane

True or False: Animal cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Match the organelle (Column A) with its primary function (Column B):

1. Column A

   1. Nucleus

   2. Ribosome

   3. Mitochondrion

   4. Chloroplast

   5. Golgi apparatus

   6. Lysosome

2. Column B
   A. Protein synthesis
   B. Energy production through cellular respiration
   C. Directs cell activities and contains DNA
   D. Photosynthesis
   E. Packaging and transport of proteins/lipids
   F. Digestion of waste and worn-out organelles

Fill in the blank: The __________ endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached, while the __________ endoplasmic reticulum does not.

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?
A) Organelles spontaneously appeared in cells
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes engulfed by larger cells
C) Ribosomes evolved from viruses
D) The nucleus developed before DNA

Compare the DNA in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes in terms of location and structure.

Which type of cell junction is especially important for communication between animal cells?
A) Tight junction
B) Gap junction
C) Plasmodesmata
D) Desmosome

Explain how the large central vacuole benefits plant cells.

Fill in the blank: The __________ is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it generates ATP.

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion?

Short answer: Describe three structural differences between animal and plant cells and explain how each difference relates to function.