Review Questions

Which of the following is the correct order of phases in mitosis?
A) Prophase → Anaphase → Metaphase → Telophase
B) Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase
C) Interphase → Prophase → Telophase → Metaphase
D) Metaphase → Prophase → Anaphase → Telophase

Fill in the blank: DNA replication occurs during the __________ phase of the cell cycle.

The division of the cytoplasm is called __________.

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A) DNA replication
B) Separation of sister chromatids
C) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
D) Cytokinesis

True or False: Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Match the phase (Column A) with its description (Column B):

• Column A

  1. Prophase I (meiosis)

  2. Metaphase I

  3. Anaphase I

  4. Telophase II

  5. Metaphase (mitosis)

• Column B
  A. Homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
  B. Homologous chromosomes exchange segments (crossing over)
  C. Sister chromatids line up along the cell’s equator
  D. Four haploid cells are produced
  E. Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles

Fill in the blank: In humans, meiosis produces gametes with __________ chromosomes.

Short answer: Explain the importance of crossing over in meiosis.

Which of the following best describes the result of meiosis?
A) Two identical diploid cells
B) Four genetically unique haploid cells
C) Four identical haploid cells
D) Two genetically unique diploid cells

What is the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures DNA has been properly replicated before mitosis?

Fill in the blank: The protein structure on chromatids where spindle fibers attach is called the __________.

Compare how chromosome number changes in mitosis vs. meiosis.

Application: A diploid organism has 2n = 8 chromosomes.

Short answer: Explain two key differences between mitosis and meiosis that contribute to genetic variation in offspring.